An Overview of Cryptography

Gary C. Kessler
9 November 2010
(Original version: May 1998)

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE PURPOSE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
3. TYPES OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS
3.1. Secret Key Cryptography
3.2. Public-Key Cryptography
3.3. Hash Functions
3.4. Why Three Encryption Techniques?
3.5. The Significance of Key Length
4. TRUST MODELS
4.1. PGP Web of Trust
4.2. Kerberos
4.3. Public Key Certificates and Certification Authorities
4.4. Summary
5. CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS IN ACTION
5.1. Password Protection
5.2. Some of the Finer Details of Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
5.3. Some of the Finer Details of RSA Public-Key Cryptography
5.4. Some of the Finer Details of DES, Breaking DES, and DES Variants
5.5. Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
5.6. IP Security (IPsec) Protocol
5.7. The SSL "Family" of Secure Transaction Protocols for the World Wide Web
5.8. Elliptic Curve Cryptography
5.9. The Advanced Encryption Standard and Rijndael
5.10. Cisco's Stream Cipher
6. CONCLUSION... OF SORTS
7. REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
A. SOME MATH NOTES
A.1. The Exclusive-OR (XOR) Function
A.2. The modulo Function
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

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